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هل العدد الذي يقول اسلمت جسدي حتى احترق محرف؟ 1 كو 13: 3



Holy_bible_1

27 Dec 2019



الشبهة



العدد الذي يقول فيه بولس في 1 كو 13\3 "وان اطعمت كل اموالي وان سلمت جسدي حتى احترق ولكن ليس لي محبة فلا انتفع شيئا" هو محرف لان ترجمات كثيرة كتبت بدل احترق افتخر



الرد



لنعرف لو العدد التقليدي محرف ام لا ندرس الأدلة الخارجية والداخلية. وفي الأدلة الخارجية ندرس الترجمات والمخطوطات

الترجمات العربي

التي كتبت احترق

الفانديك

3 وَإِنْ أَطْعَمْتُ كُلَّ أَمْوَالِي وَإِنْ سَلَّمْتُ جَسَدِي حَتَّى أَحْتَرِقَ وَلَكِنْ لَيْسَ لِي مَحَبَّةٌ فَلاَ أَنْتَفِعُ شَيْئاً.

الحياة

3 ولو قدمت أموالي كلها للإطعام، وسلمت جسدي لأحرق، وليس عندي محبة، لما كنت أنتفع شيئا.

اليسوعية

3 ولو فرقت جميع أموالي لإطعام المساكين، ولو أسلمت جسدي ليحرق, ولم تكن لي المحبة، فما يجديني ذلك نفعا.

الكاثوليكية

1كور-13-3: ولَو فَرَّقتُ جَميعَ أَموالي لإِطعامِ المَساكين، ولَو أَسلَمتُ جَسَدي لِيُحرَق, ولَم تَكُنْ لِيَ المَحبَّة، فما يُجْديني ذلكَ نَفْعًا.

البولسية

1كور-13-3: ولو بَذَلْتُ جميعَ أَمْوالي ((إِحْسانًا))، ولو أَسْلَمْتُ جَسَدي لأُحْرَقَ، ولم تكُنْ فيَّ المحبَّةُ، فلا أَنتفِعُ شيئًا.



التي تكتبت افتخر

السارة

3 ولو فرقت جميع أموالي وسلمت جسدي حتى أفتخر، ولا محبة عندي، فما ينفعني شيء.

فالترجمات العربي النقدية والتقليدية كتبوا احترق فيما عدا المشتركة



التراجم الإنجليزية

التي كتبت احترق

(Murdock)  And if I should feed out to the destitute all I possess; and if I should give my body to be burned; and there should be no love in me, I gain nothing.

(ALT)  And if I dole out all my possessions, and if I hand over my body so that I am burned, but am not having love, I am not at all benefited.

(ACV)  And if I dole out all things possessed by me, and if I deliver my body so that I may be burned, and have not love, I benefit nothing.

(AKJ)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profits me nothing.

(ALTNT)  And if I dole out all my possessions, and if I hand over my body so that I am burned, but am not having love, I am not at all benefited.

(AMP)  Even if I dole out all that I have [to the poor in providing] food, and if I surrender my body to be burned, but have not love (God's love in me), I gain nothing.

(AUV-NT)  And if I donate all my possessions to feed poor people, and if I surrender my body to be burned [Note: This probably refers to becoming a martyr, but some manuscripts read, “that I may be able to boast”], but do not have love [for people], it is no benefit to me.

(ASV)  And if I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and if I give my body to be burned, but have not love, it profiteth me nothing.

(BBE)  And if I give all my goods to the poor, and if I give my body to be burned, but have not love, it is of no profit to me.

(VW)  And if I were to bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and if I were to give my body to be burned, but have not love, it profits me nothing.

(Bishops)  And though I bestowe all my goodes to feede the poore, and though I geue my body that I burned, and haue not loue, it profiteth me nothyng.

(CENT)  If I give all I have to the poor, and if I surrender my body to be burned, but have not love, I gain nothing.

(CEV)  What if I gave away all that I owned and let myself be burned alive? I would gain nothing, unless I loved others.

(CJB)  I may give away everything that I own, I may even hand over my body to be burned; but if I lack love, I gain nothing.

(Mace)  and tho' I distribute my whole substance to the poor, and give my body to be burned, and have not social affection, it profits me nothing.

(Darby)  And if I shall dole out all my goods in food, and if I deliver up my body that I may be burned, but have not love, I profit nothing.

(DRB)  And if I should distribute all my goods to feed the poor, and if I should deliver my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.

(EMTV)  And though I give away all my possessions to feed the poor, and though I deliver up my body to be burned, but have not love, it profits me nothing.

(ESV)  If I give away all I have, and if I deliver up my body to be burned,[1] but have not love, I gain nothing.

(ERV)  I may give away everything I have to help others, and I may even give my body as an offering to be burned. But I gain nothing by doing all this if I don't have love.

(Etheridge)  And if all I have I make to feed the poor, and I deliver my body to burn, and love be not in me, I profit nothing.

(EVID)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profits me nothing.

(Geneva)  And though I feede the poore with all my goods, and though I giue my body, that I be burned, and haue not loue, it profiteth me nothing.

(GNB)  I may give away everything I have, and even give up my body to be burned ---but if I have no love, this does me no good.

(GDBY_NT)  And if I give all my goods to feed the poor, and if I may give my body that I shall be burnt, and have not divine love, I am profited as to nothing.

(GW)  I may even give away all that I have and give up my body to be burned. But if I don't have love, none of these things will help me.

(HCSB-r)  And if I donate all my goods to feed the poor, and if I give my body to be burned, but do not have love, I gain nothing.

(HNV)  If I dole out all my goods to feed the poor, and if I give my body to be burned, but don't have love, it profits me nothing.

(csb)  And if I donate all my goods to feed the poor, and if I give my body to be burned, but do not have love, I gain nothing.

(IAV NC)  Georgia; And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not love, it profiteth me nothing.

(IAV)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not love, it profiteth me nothing.

(ISRAV)  Georgia; And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not love, it profiteth me nothing.

(JST)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.

(JOSMTH)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.

(JUB)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor and though I give my body to be burned and have not charity, it profits me nothing.

(KJ2000)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not love, it profits me nothing.

(KJVCNT)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not love, it profits me nothing.

(KJCNT)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not love, it profits me nothing.

(KJV)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.

(KJV-Clar)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give

(KJV-1611)  And though I bestowe all my goods to feede the poore, and though I giue my body to bee burned, and haue not charitie, it profiteth me nothing.

(KJV21)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, but have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.

(KJVA)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.

(KJV-BRG)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.

(LBP)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not love in my heart, I gain nothing.

(LEB)  And if I parcel out all my possessions, and if I hand over my body in order that I will be burned, but do not have love, it benefits me nothing.

(LitNT)  AND IF I GIVE AWAY IN FOOD ALL MY GOODS, AND IF I DELIVER UP MY BODY THAT I MAY BE BURNED, BUT LOVE HAVE NOT, NOTHING I AM PROFITED.

(LITV)  And if I give out all my goods, and if I deliver my body that I be burned, but I do not have love, I am not profited anything.

(LONT)  And though I spend all my goods in feeding the poor, and though I deliver my body to be burned, but have not love, I am nothing profited.

(MKJV)  And though I give out all my goods to feed the poor, and though I deliver my body to be burned, and have not charity, I am profited nothing.

(Moffatt NT)  I may distribute all I possess in charity, I may give up my body to be burnt, but if I have no love, I make nothing of it.

(MSG)  If I give everything I own to the poor and even go to the stake to be burned as a martyr, but I don't love, I've gotten nowhere. So, no matter what I say, what I believe, and what I do, I'm bankrupt without love.

(nas)  And if I give (505) all my possessions to feed the poor, and if I surrender (506) my body to [144] be burned, but do not have love, it profits me nothing.

(NAS+)  And if1437 I give5595 all3956 my possessions5225 to feed5595 the poor, and if1437 I surrender3860 my body4983 to be burned2545 , but do not have2192

(NCV)  I may give away everything I have, and I may even give my body as an offering to be burned. But I gain nothing if I do not have love.

(NIRV)  Suppose I give everything I have to poor people. And suppose I give my body to be burned. If I don't have love, I get nothing at all.

(NIV)  If I give all I possess to the poor and surrender my body to the flames, but have not love, I gain nothing.

(NIVUK)  If I give all I possess to the poor and surrender my body to the flames, but have not love, I gain nothing.

(NKJV)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned,[a] but have not love, it profits me nothing.

(NLV)  If I give everything I have to feed poor people and if I give my body to be burned, but do not have love, it will not help me.

(Noyes NT)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give up my body that I may be burned, and have not love, it profiteth me nothing.

(OrthJBC)  And if I'm a marbitz tzedaka and give all I possess in gemilut chasadim and if I give my guf (body) in Kiddush Hashem for sereifah (death by burning), but ahavah (love) I do not have, I have gained nothing. [Daniel 3:28]

(Murdock R)  And if I should feed out to the destitute all I possess; and if I should give my body to be burned; and there should be no love in me, I gain nothing.

(RNKJV)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not love, it profiteth me nothing.

(RSVA)  If I give away all I have, and if I deliver my body to be burned, but have not love, I gain nothing.

(RV)  And if I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and if I give my body to be burned, but have not love, it profiteth me nothing.

(RYLT-NT)  and if I give away to feed others all my goods, and if I give up my body that I may be burned, and have not love, I am profited nothing.

(TMB)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, but have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.

(TPT)  And if I were to be so generous as to give away everything I owned to feed the poor, and to offer my body to be burned as a martyr, without the pure motive of love, I would gain nothing of value.

(TRC)  And though I bestowed all my goods to feed the poor, and though I gave my body even that I burned, and yet had no love, it profiteth me nothing.

(TS2009)  And if I give out all my possessions to feed the poor, and if I give my body to be burned, but do not have love, I am not profited at all.

(Tyndale)  And though I bestowed all my gooddes to fede ye poore and though I gave my body even that I burned and yet had no love it profeteth me nothinge.

(WEB)  If I give away all my goods to feed the poor, and if I give my body to be burned, but don’t have love, it profits me nothing.

(WEBA)  If I give away all my goods to feed the poor, and if I give my body to be burned, but don’t have love, it profits me nothing.

(Webster)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.

(Wesley's)  And though I give all my goods to feed the poor, and deliver up my body to be burned, and have not love, it profiteth me nothing.

(WESNT)  And though I give all my goods to feed the poor, and deliver up my body to be burned, and have not love, it profiteth me nothing.

(Weymouth)  And if I distribute all my possessions to the poor, and give up my body to be burned, but am destitute of Love, it profits me nothing.

(WNT)  And if I distribute all my possessions to the poor, and give up my body to be burned, but am destitute of Love, it profits me nothing.

(WORNT)  And though I give all my substance to feed the poor, and my body to be burnt, and have not charity, I am nothing profited.

(WTNT)  And though I bestowed all my goods to feed the poor, and though I gave my body even that I burned, and yet had no love, it profiteth me nothing.

(Wycliffe)  And if Y departe alle my goodis in to the metis of pore men, and yf Y bitake my bodi, so that Y brenne, and if Y haue not charite, it profitith to me no thing.

(YLT)  and if I give away to feed others all my goods, and if I give up my body that I may be burned, and have not love, I am profited nothing.



التي كتبت افتخر

(CLV)  And if ever I should be morselling out all my possessions, and if I should be giving up my body, that I should be boasting, yet may have no love, in nothing do I benefit."

(ISV)  Even if I give away all that I have and surrender my body so that I may boast but have no love, I get nothing out of it.

(NET.)  If I give away everything I own, and if I give over my body in order to boast, but do not have love, I receive no benefit.

(NLT)  If I gave everything I have to the poor and even sacrificed my body, I could boast about it; but if I didn't love others, I would be of no value whatsoever.

(NRSV)  If I give away all my possessions, and if I hand over my body so that I may boast, but do not have love, I gain nothing.

(NWT)  And if I give all my belongings to feed others, and if I hand over my body, that I may boast, but do not have love, I am not profited at all.

(TCNT)  Even though I dole my substance to the poor, even though I sacrifice my body, that I may boast, yet have not Love, it avails me nothing!

(TLV)  If I give away all that I own and if I hand over my body so I might boast but have not love, I gain nothing.

(TNIV)  If I give all I possess to the poor and give over my body to hardship that I may boast, but do not have love, I gain nothing.

(UPDV)  And if I bestow all my goods to feed [the poor], and if I deliver up my body that I may boast, but do not have love, it profits me nothing.



فالتقليدية ونص الأغلبية واغلب النقدية كتبت احترق (82 الى 10)



النسخ اليوناني

في البداية الكلمتين متشابهتين والفرق حرف واحد

فكلمة احترق

καυθσωμαι

كلمة افتخر

καυχσωμαι



التي كتبت احترق

Nestle Greek New Testament 1904
καὶ ἐὰν ψωμίσω πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου, καὶ ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου, ἵνα καυθήσομαι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦμαι.

RP Byzantine Majority Text 2005
Καὶ ἐὰν ψωμίσω πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου, καὶ ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσωμαι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦμαι.

Greek Orthodox Church 1904
καὶ ἐὰν ψωμίσω πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου, καὶ ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσωμαι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦμαι.

Tischendorf 8th Edition
καὶ ἐὰν ψωμίσω πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου, καὶ ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσομαι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐθὲν ὠφελοῦμαι.

Scrivener's Textus Receptus 1894
καὶ ἐὰν ψωμίσω πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου, καὶ ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσωμαι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦμαι.

Stephanus Textus Receptus 1550
καὶ ἐὰν ψωμίσω πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου καὶ ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσωμαι ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦμαι

(Greek ABP+)  καιG2532 εανG1437 ψωμισωG5595 πανταG3956 ταG3588 υπαρχοντα μουG5224 G1473 καιG2532 εανG1437 παραδωG3860 τοG3588 σωμα μουG4983 G1473 ιναG2443 καυθησωμαιG2545 αγαπηνG26 δεG1161 μη εχωG3361 G2192 ουδενG3762 ωφελουμαιG5623

(Greek NT)  καὶ ἐὰν ψωμίσω πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου, καὶ ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσομαι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦμαι.

GOC 1 Corinthians 13:3 κα ἐὰν ψωμσω πντα τ πρχοντ μου, κα ἐὰν παραδ τ σμ μου να καυθσωμαι, γπην δ μ χω, οδν φελομαι (1 Cor. 13:3 GOC)

STE 1 Corinthians 13:3 κα ἐὰν ψωμσω πντα τ πρχοντ μου κα ἐὰν παραδ τ σμ μου να καυθσωμαι γπην δ μ χω οδν φελομαι (1 Cor. 13:3 STE)

TIS 1 Corinthians 13:3 κα ἐὰν ψωμσω πντα τ πρχοντ μου, κα ἐὰν παραδ τ σμ μου να καυθσομαι, γπην δ μ χω, οθν φελομαι. (1 Cor. 13:3 TIS)

M-012A 1 Corinthians 13:3 Και εαν ψωνμεισω παντα τα υπαρχοντα μου και εαν παραδωσω το σωμα μου ινα καυθησομαι αγαπην δε μη εχω ουδεν ωφελουμαι

M-012B 1 Corinthians 13:3 Και εαν ψωμεισω παντα τα υπαρχοντα μου και εαν παραδωσω το σωμα μου ινα καυθησομαι αγαπην δε μη εχω ουδεν ωφελουμαι

M-04A 1 Corinthians 13:3 Καν ψωμισω παντα τα υπαρχοντα μου καν παραδω το σωμα μου ινα καυθησωμαι αγαπην [δε μη] εχω ουδεν ωφελουμαι

M-06A 1 Corinthians 13:3 Και εαν ψωμισω παντα τα υπαρχοντα μου και εαν παραδω το σωμα μου ινα καυθησομαι αγαπην δε μη εχω ουδεν ωφελουμαι

TBT 1 Corinthians 13:3 κα ἐὰν ψωμσω πντα τ πρχοντ μου, κα ἐὰν παραδ τ σμ μου να καυθσωμαι, γπην δ μ χω, οδν φελομαι. (1 Cor. 13:3 TBT)

BFT 1 Corinthians 13:3 Κα ἐὰν ψωμσω πντα τ πρχοντ μου, κα ἐὰν παραδ τ σμ μου να καυθσωμαι, γπην δ μ χω, οδν φελομαι.

التي كتبت افتخر

Westcott and Hort 1881
κἂν ψωμίσω πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου, κἂν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου, ἵνα καυχήσωμαι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦμαι.

فايضا النسخ اليوناني التقليدية والاغلبية وكثير من النقدية كتبت احترق

نسخت وستكوت وهورت فقط التي كتبت احترق



المخطوطات

التي كتبت كلمة افتخر باختلاف الحرف هي

السينائية والفانيكانية والإسكندرية ومعهم الترجمة القبطي الصعيدي والبحيري أي النص الاسكندري



اما التي كتبت النص التقليدي (احترق)

الافرايمية من القرن الخامس

أيضا مخطوطة كلارومينتس من القرن الخامس

وكثير من مخطوطات الخط الكبير مثل

F G L K Ψ

وكثير من مخطوطات الخط الصغير

6 81 88vid 104 263 436 459 630 1175 1881 1912 1985 181 256 326 330 330c 365 424 451 614 629 1319 1573 1739c 1852 1881c 1962 1984 2200 2464 1877 2492 2127

وبالطبع مجموعة مخطوطات البيزنطي وهي بالمئات

Byz

ومجموعة مخطوطات القراءات الكنسية وهي بالالاف

Lect

وهؤلاء يمثلوا النص التقليدي والاغلبية والغربي وأيضا النصوص المعزولة

وأيضا الترجمات القديمة

واولهم اللاتينية القديمة التي بدأت من منتصف القرن الثاني الميلادي

itar itb itd itdem ite itf itg itm ito itt itx

والفلجاتا للقديس جيروم من القرن الرابع

(Vulgate)  et si distribuero in cibos pauperum omnes facultates meas et si tradidero corpus meum ut ardeam caritatem autem non habuero nihil mihi prodest

And if I should distribute all my goods to feed the poor, and if I should deliver my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.

الاشورية من منتصف القرن الثاني

ana rty 8 ~dm Yb awhn 8 abwxw dqand Yrgp ~lva Haw anksml Yl tyad Lk Lkwa Haw

13:3 And if all I have I make to feed the poor, and I deliver my body to burn, and love be not in me, I profit nothing.

والبشيتا

ana rty 8 ~dm Yb awhn 8 abwxw dqand Yrgp ~lva Haw anksml Yl tyad Lk Lkwa Haw

(Lamsa)  And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not love in my heart, I gain nothing.

وبقية الترجمات السريانية

syrh

وأيضا الغوصية والارمنية والاثيوبية والسلافينية

goth arm eth slav

وأيضا اقوال الإباء من القرن الثاني والثالث وما بعده

Tertullian

Methodius

Origen Rebaptism

Cyprian

Jacob-Nisibis

Ambrosiaster

Zeno

Aphraates

Ephraem

Basil

Pacian

Gregory-Nyssa

Macarius/Symeon1/2

Petilianus

Chrysostom

Pelagius

Jerome

Augustine Speculum

Theodoret

John-Damascus

Flavian-Antioch

Cyril

Euthalius

Maximus-Confessor

فكل هذا يؤكد اصالة النص التقليدي في هذه الكلمة

فمن ناحية الأدلة هي قاطعة في صالح اصالة النص التقليدي احترق. ولهذا حتى كثير من التراجم النقدية لم تتبع السينائية والفاتيكانية ولكن اتبعت النص التقليدي



الأدلة الداخلية

أولا الاختلاف هو في حرف فغالبا خطأ نسخي بسيط وانتشر في النص الاسكندري فقط

وقد يكون سوء فهم في كيف شخص يبذل نفسه ليحترق فيكون مرفوض عند الله كما وضعها كاحتمالية قالها Student's Guide

On the one hand it is possible that copyists who could not understand how an act of self-sacrifice such as giving up one's body to be burned could be rejected by God, supplied one by changing "burned" to "boast."

ففعلا في زمن معلمنا بولس الرسول كان التبشير يصل الى ان يعاقب المسيحي بالحرق ولكنه بالطبع يرفض ضد الافتخار تماما

ولهذا الأدلة الخارجية والداخلية تؤكد اصالة النص التقليدي حتى احترق



وأخيرا بعض اقوال الإباء في العدد

يرى القديس يوحنا ذهبي الفم أن الرسول حين يتحدث عن العطاء لم يقل: "إن قدمت نصف أموالي ولا ثلاثة أجزاء وإنما "كل أموالي"، ولم يقل "قدمت" بل "أطعمت" موضحًا أنه يعطي باهتمام ونظام حسن[946].

إنه يذكر أكثر أنواع الموت رعبًا وهو الحرق، قائلًا: بأنه حتى هذا بدون محبة ليس بأمرٍ عظيمٍ[947].

القديس يوحنا ذهبي الفم

من يهين الحب فمهما نال من مواهب عظيمة يصير كلا شيء...! من يملك كل هذه الأمور (1 كو 1:13-3) يكون بلا هدف نافع متى لم يكن لديه الأمر الواحد الذي يمكنه به أن يستخدم كل هذه الأمور حسنًا[948].

تسليم الإنسان جسده يحترق ليس تصريحًا بالانتحار، بل الوصية هي ألا نُقاوم الألم إن كان البديل له هو الالتزام بممارسة ما هو خطأ[949].

القديس أغسطينوس

Paul discounts even the most extreme sacrifices if they are made without love (Chrysostom).

Offering one’s body to be burned is not permission to commit suicide but a command not to resist suffering if the alternative is being forced to do wrong (Augustine).

Ambrosiaster: Love is the very head of religion, and someone who has no head is dead. Commentary on Paul’s Epistles. [CSEL 81.3:147.]



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